类型:英语语法
时间:2022-08-09
点击量457
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
一、宾语从句分类
1、动词的宾语从句(动宾从句)
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有:
make sure(确保)、make up one’s mind(下决心)、keep in mind(牢记)
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,
consider,make,
believe,
think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it(双宾语)这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see to.
award,lend.hand,mail,
offer,pass,pay,post,read,
return,show,
teach,tell
2、介词的宾语从句(介宾从句)
用
whether之类的介词宾语从句。
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except,but,
besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。
3、形容词的宾语从句(形宾从句)
有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句;
例句:
I am
sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his
answer is
right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,
certain,glad,
pleased,
happy,sorry,
afraid,
satisfied,surprised
二、宾语从句时态
1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The
headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是一般过去时,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't
finished her work on time.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例句:The
teacher told his
class that
light travels faster than
sound.
三、宾语从句语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。例句:
I don't know what they are
looking for.
Could you tell me when the
train will
leave?
Can you
imagine what kind of man he is?
四、宾语从句的用法
1、that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:
①.介词宾语从句的that不能省略。
②. and连接的两个从句,两个从句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to
college.
③.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。
We
found it
impossible that he
could finish it in such a
short time.
2、
Whether,if 引导宾语从句,两词可互换。
例句:I don’t know if
there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。
例句:
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试。
但是下列情形,Whether,if 不能互换。
①.whether从句中有or not
例句:I don’t know whether the
movie star will come or not.
②.whether从句做介词宾语
例句:
Everything depends on whether you
agree with us.
3、连接代词或连接副词引导
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,
whose,
which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are
waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,
where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us
knows where
these new
parts can be
bought.
4、许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构是:
主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句
We think it
wrong that he told a lie to
everyone.
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