现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意：句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。例如：He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。分析：“He”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语。I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃在响。I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。高中范围内，适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等。在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如：Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如：His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。分析：“His question”在句子中做主语，“has set”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，thinking做宾语补足语。The arrival of the police sent the robbers running away quickly.警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜。The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest.休息片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。高中范围内，适用于“使役动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语常用的动词有：get，have，keep，leave，send，set等。三、上述两种结构可变为被动形式。例如：He was found lying on the floor.有人发现他躺在地上。分析：“He”在句子中做主语，“was found”作谓语，使用了被动语态，lying on the floor做宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。He was seen sitting in a café.有人看见他坐在一家咖啡馆里。The papers were left lying around.文件散落了一地。四、现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成。试比较下面句子：He saw her working in the garden.(She was working in the garden.)他看见她在花园里干活。He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看见她走进屋子。使役动词get，have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。get sb to do/have sb do sth表示“使/让/叫某人去做某事”，侧重动作的结果；have sb/sth doing表示“使/让某人/物持续地做某事”，侧重动作的持续；get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。试比较下面的句子：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母亲让我到商店买一些盐。I can‘t get him to stop smoking.He won’t listen to me.我不能使他戒烟。他不听我的话。The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.(母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间。)I can‘t get the car starting.(我不能把车发动起来。)五、现在分词有时用被动形式作宾语补足语，其结构为“动词+宾语+being done…”。例如：I saw him being carried away on a stretcher.我看见他被人用担架抬走。分析：“I”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“him”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there.你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门，无所不有。高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+being done…”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel，find，hear，notice，see，watch等。

练习：
选择最佳答案。
1.---Why did you go back to the shop？---I left my friend________there.(2002上海)
A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits
2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.(2003北京春)
A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
3.He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004北京春)
A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting
4.Don‘t leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.(2004天津)
A.run B.running C.being run D.to run

答案：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B