类型:英语语法
时间:2021-04-12
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一、同位语从句的位置与定语从句的比较
1、同位语从句与定语从句一样,都是用在名词后面。所不的就是:定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
2、同位语从句只用that作为开头(I have no idea除外),属于连词,在从句中不起成分作用,但不可省略。而定语从句是以关系代词、关系副词开头,它们在从句中起句子成分作用(作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语),作宾语时可以省略。
3、只有在内容方面可以进一步阐明的名词(一般为抽象名词)才能带同位语从句,而几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。 比较: (1)The
suggestion (that) she has
given at the
meeting is good. (2)The
suggestion that she
should stay in the room is good. (1)句中that she has
given at the
meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议,不是别人的建议,也就是限定了the
suggestion的范围,但并没有说明建议的内容。从结构上分析,that是give的宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句。 (2)句的that she
should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,that只起连词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
二、同位语从句前常用的名词 同位语从句说明的名词常见的有:
ability,
advice,
answer,
belief,
doubt,
discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea,
information,
message,news,
order,
possibility,
problem,
proposal,
question,
story,
suggestion,
theory,
thought, word(消息)等。而不可说明的名词是不会接同位语从句的。比如:man,
water, sun等具体的人或事物。例如:
There is no
doubt that the
prices of cars will go down. The
belief that the
company will make a
great is
shared by
everyone.
三、
where, when, why, how, who, what等在引导同位语从句时,一般只用于I have no idea结构中,其实,这种类型的同位语从句应该列入宾语从句的范畴,因为I have no idea意思就是I don't know... 如:I have no idea
where I
should go. I have no idea how I can get to the
railway station.
四、有时候主句的谓语比较短,同位语从句比较长,这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。如: Word(消息) came that our
Chinese women team had
beaten Japanese.
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