塞擦音
According to pronouncing methods, the initials may be divided into five kinds: stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, and laterals. 根据发音方法，可以将声母分为五类：塞音、擦音、塞擦音、鼻音、边音。
The stop and the fricative halves of these affricates are at the same place of articulation: the stop is in fact postalveolar rather than alveolar. 严重时可能整个颚部纵向全裂，不过大部分的情形是单纯的软颚裂：最轻微的情况则是只有悬壅垂 (小舌) 有裂缝。
Studies of English fricatives and affricates have shown that their voicing is severely influenced by the voicing of the following sound. 对英语擦音和赛擦音的研究表明它们的浊音音质其实深受其后辅音清浊的影响。
In Standard Modern Mandarin,should palatal series be regorded as the same phoneme with the velar series or the dental affricates,the auther proposed his evideme from. 现代北京话辅音系统中可否把舌面音和舌根音看做同一音位,或把舌面音和舌尖音看做同一音位,笔者用历时音韵学的观点提出了作为底层形式的舌面音存在的证据。
Glen Affric. 亚弗利克峡谷。
