类型:英语语法
时间:2020-07-27
点击量590
一、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
将主动语态变为被动语态的方法可分为三步:第一步是把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语;第二步是把主动句的谓语变成“be+过去分词”,be时态要与原句保持一致;第三步是把主动句的主语变为by的宾语,放在被动句的谓语之后,by短语可以省略。如:
Mary
broke the cup. 玛丽打破了杯子。
→The cup was
broken by Mary. 杯子是玛丽打破的。
二、双宾语动词如何变被动语态
如果一个动词带有双宾语,在变为被动语态时,可将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,但通常是将间接宾语为主语。如:
He gave me a book
yesterday. 昨天他给了我一本书。
→I was
given a book by him
yesterday. 昨天由他给了我一本书。
→A book was
given (to) me by him
yesterday. 昨天一本书由他给了我。
若把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则通常要在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词。按英语习惯,在
bring, give, hand, lend,
offer, pass, sell, show, take, tell等动词后通常用介词to来引出间接宾语,在
build, buy, cook, cut,
choose, do,
fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make,
order,
paint, play, sing等动词后通常用介词for来引出间接宾语。如:
I
bought her a
dictionary. 我给她买了本词典。
→A
dictionary was
bought for her. 买了本词典给她。
由于某些动词与介词有习惯搭配,既不用to也不用for,而用别的介词。如:
People all over the
world know the
Great Wall. 世界上的人都知道长城。
→The
Great Wall is
known to
people all over the
world. 世界上的人都知道长城。
三、复合宾语动词变被动语态
如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语+宾补),若需将其变为被动句,其方法是:把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如:
They
chose Tom
captain. 他们选汤姆为队长。
→Tom was
chosen captain. 汤姆被选为队长。
I
found him
lying on the
floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。
→He was
found lying on the
floor. 他被发现躺在地板上。
注意,在主动语态中,用于动词see,
watch, hear,
notice,
listen to, look at, make, feel等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后要加上to。如:
People saw him
enter the
building. 人们看见他走进大楼。
→He was seen to
enter the
building. 有人看见他走进大楼。
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