类型:英语语法
时间:2022-08-29
点击量372
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如: What he said at the
meeting was very
important.他在会上所说的非常重要。(宾语) What
surprised us is that he did it
alone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。(主语) That he did it alone surprised us.他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。(that用来引导主语从句,在句中不作成分)
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,一般情况下可以省略,但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个that。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如: They
stopped to see what was
happening.他们停下来看发生了什么事情。(主语) The
teacher got
angry because of what the boy had done.那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。(what在宾语从句中作宾语) All the
people believed that it was
right to
rescue the
temple.所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。(that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略) We must
believe that each one of us is able to do
something well and that when we
discover what this something is we must work hard at it
until we
succeed.我们必须相信,我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好;而且,当我们发现这事情是什么的时候,我们就必须努力干下去,直到成功为止。(第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略)
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如: Mary is no
longer what she used to be.玛丽不再是从前那样了。(what在表语从句中作表语) The
question is what we
should do to
prevent him from
going.问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。(what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语) The
reason why he didn’t come
today is that his
mother is ill.他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。(that只起连接作用)
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词,对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有:fact, idea, news, hope,
belief,
promise,
thought,
suggestion,
proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如: I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道我们下一步该做什么。(宾语) He made a promise that he
would study hard.他许诺要努力学习。(that只起连接作用) The boy
expressed his hope that he would be a
pilot when he
grows up.那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。(that只起连接作用)
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语,that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如: This is one of the
buildings that were
built last year.这是去年建的楼房之一。(that在定语从句中作主语,指物,不能省略。) The
doctor that you met in the
street yesterday came here 20
years ago.你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。(that 在从句中作宾语,指人并可省略。)注意:what不能引导定语从句。如不能说: 1.He did all what he
could to save the
patient. 2.All what he
needs is more time. 应将句中的what改为that,或去掉what,还可以将以上两句中的all去掉,但两句的结构发生了根本的改变:句1中的what引导宾语从句,句2中的what引导主语从句。
六、引导状语从句
so...that, such...that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句,但whatever, no
matter what可引导让步状语从句。如: He made such
rapid progress in
English that
before long he could
write articles for an
American newspaper.他的英语进步很快,不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。 Put the
little plants in the
shade so that the sun won’t burn them.请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。 Don’t believe him no matter what he says.无论他说什么,都不要相信他。
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